WHAT IS A COMPUTER NETWORK & INTERNET

WHAT IS A COMPUTER NETWORK ?

A computer network can be simply defined as the interconnection of two or more independent computers. Applications of computer networks are found everywhere. They are used in our homes, schools, colleges, railway stations, offices and business. They help us to send an email, watch a live sports event at our computer, book rail/air tickets and do chatting with our friends. But why do we need Networks?  Advantages of using Computer Networks We use a Computer Network for the following reasons:-

 a) Resource sharing: A network is needed because of the desire to share the sharable programs, data, and    equipment available to anyone on the network without regard to the physical location of the resource and the user.   You can also share processing load on various networked resources.

 b) High reliability: A network may have alternative sources of supply (e.g., replicated files, multiple CPUs, etc.).  In case of one resource failure, the others could be used and the system continues to operate at reduced performance. This is a very important property for military, banking, air traffic control, and many other applications.

 c) Cost-benefit advantage: A network may consist of many powerful small computers, one per user. You can keep the data and applications on one or more shared and powerful file server machines. This is called the client-server model. Such model offers a much better price/performance ratio than old mainframes. At present many server services have been moved to Internet based resources set up by a third party and shared by many (called cloud). This allows users to use powerful server applications and data services without maintaining servers. Such system may bring down the cost further. However, such models still have several issues that are being debated.

d) Scalability: The ability to increase system performance gradually by adding more processors (incremental upgrade).

e) Powerful communication medium: Networks make cooperation among far-flung groups of people easy where it previously had been impossible.

In the long run, the use of networks to enhance human-to-human communication may prove more important than technical goals such as improved reliability. One of the most popular application of network is the World Wide Web which is an application of Internet. Let us introduce you to internet in the next subsection

What is Internet.?

Internet is an interconnection of thousands of networks. It came into being in 1967. Internet has a very interesting history. You can trace the evolution of Internet at the website http://www.wikipedia.com . One of the major applications of the Internet is the World Wide Web (WWW). Internet and WWW (World Wide Web) are often used as synonyms of each other, which is technically not correct as the Web is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources. WWW was started in 1989 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee at Physics Laboratory (CERN).The WWW provides a ―point-and-click‖ interface to text, images, sound and movies that has proven to be very easy-to-use. This feature was made available due to Hypertext that provides a ―point and click‖ link to other documents on the WWW. To access the information on internet you require a software called web browser. Some of the popular browser software are - Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Apple Safari etc. The Internet is a collection of various services, tools, applications and resources. Some of the popular services on the internet are – browsing, searching, e-mail, chat, e-learning and lots more. Today, Internet has brought the world on your desktop. Right from news across the world, wealth of knowledge to shopping, purchasing the movie, railway or air tickets everything is at your mouse click. It has also become the most excellent business tool of modern scenario. Several activities can be performed if you have access to the Internet; like you can use it for learning or teaching, you can be part of an online distributed project, you can use it for publicity and advertisement, you can refer Internet for career or job consultation and so on. Unit 2 and Unit 3 discuss some of the services tools, applications and resources available on the Internet in more details. Before we discuss more about Internet, first let us describe the process of data communication system that forms the core of computer network.

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