SDLC - Software Development Life Cycle Important Question Answer for IGNOU BCA MCA Students and other IT Students
List and explain all the phases involved in the construction phase.
Build and Test Networks
• In many cases new or enhanced applications are built around existing networks. If so there is
no problem.
• However if the new application calls for new or modified networks they must normally be
implemented before building and testing databases and writing or installing computer programs
that will use those networks.
• This phase involves analysts, designers and builders
• A network designer and network administrator assume the primary responsibility for completing
this task.
Build and Test Databases
• This task must immediately precede other programming activities because databases are the
resource shared by the computer programs to be written. If new or modified databases are
required for the new system, we can now build and test those databases.
• This task involves system users, analysts, designers, and builders.
• The same system specialist that designed the database will assume the primary responsibility in
completing this task
Install and Test New Software Packages
• Some systems solutions may have required the purchase or lease of software packages. If so,
once networks and databases for the new system have been built, we can install and test the
new software.
• This activity typically involves systems analysts, Designers, builders, vendors and consultants.
Write and Test New Programs
• In this phase we are ready to develop any programs for the new system. Prototype programs
are frequently constructed in the design phase. However, these prototypes are rarely fully
functional or incomplete.
• This task involves the system analysts, designers and builders.
What is data conversion? Why is it necessary?
Data Conversion is the changing of the data structure to accommodate new or different needs for
the data.
Different operating systems have different application software, and each application normally has
its own internal way of saving data. There are some standards such as CSV files for databases and
RTF files for word processing text, however, these are few and far between and often only save the
basic information rather than the full structure.
What is change management?
Computer based systems are dynamic. As the business Environment changes, there is a need of
some changes to the information system. The changes occur not only during the study, design, and
development phases of the life cycle of the system. In this process there are two elements that are
essential to the management of change.
• The performance review board, which can make management–level decisions about system
modifications.
• Baseline documentation, which can be referred to, to determine the extent and impact of
proposed modifications.
What is user acceptance testing? Explain different testings in user acceptance testing.
Why is it necessary?
User Acceptance Testing is a phase of software development in which the software is tested in the
"real world" by the intended audience.
Different testings are:
Alpha Testing
Alpha testing is the software prototype stage when the software is first able to run. It will not have
all the intended functionality, but it will have core functions and will be able to accept inputs and
generate outputs. An alpha test usually takes place in the developer's offices on a separate system.
Beta Testing
The beta phase of software design exposes a new product, which has just emerged from in-house
(alpha) testing, to a large number of real people, real hardware, and real usage. Beta testing is not
a method of getting free software long-term, because the software expires shortly after the testing
period.
User acceptance testing is used to know if the system is working or not (both clients & in-house)
What are functional and non-functional requirements?
Functional
• How the system should react to the particular inputs
• How the system should behave to the particular situations
• What the system should not do
Non functional
• Constraints on the services or functions
• Time constraints
• Constraints on the development process
Explain the steps involved in the prototyping
1. Define the goal and purpose of the prototyping.
2. Make plans for iterations (number, range) and evaluations (dates).
3. Transform the conceptual design to a first outline of the user interface and a first synopsis for
the users' information.
4. Design the paper prototype.
5. Let domain experts review the paper prototype regarding completeness and correctness.
6. Test the prototype's usability.
7. Analyze the test results.
8. Decide on changes and additions regarding the conceptual model.
9. Design an executable prototype with users' information. Hold design meetings regularly, during
which the following are documented:
- implemented changes and additions.
- unresolved requirements and problems.
10. Review and test the usability of the prototypes.
11. Analyze the test results.
12. Decide on changes and additions regarding the conceptual model
13. Design the next prototype, and so on.
What is cardinality? Give examples
Cardinality is the number of occurrences that may exist between occurrences of two related entity
types. The cardinalities between a related pair of entity types are: one to one, one to many, or
many to many.
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