WHAT IS E-LEARNING
E-learning is one of the most used terms on the Internet that describes any form of learning that is facilitated academically by the electronic means. Such means may be in the form of multimedia rich contents, web based lectures and web based tutorials or training programmes. In general, E-learning is strongly supported electronically by the administrative, academic and assessment processes. Some of the activities that may be done using such electronic form using web sites include providing multimedia based contents, providing assignments, conducting on line tests, lectures or discussions through web conferencing, feedback on students work, student progress report to faculty etc. Some of the major advantages of E-learning are:
It allows creation and fast update of online contents.
You may use the contents at your own pace and convenience.
E-learning also provides a possibility of standardization of contents that can be changed much faster.
It has the potential of providing new learning opportunities.
It has the possibility of student's interaction.
Flexibility of programme/course management such as student may choose courses of their choices.
Allows creative development of new courses in specific areas.
E-learning brings people together and allows sharing their experience and thoughts.
You can do an e-learning programme from anywhere in a much easier way.
It allows expanding boundaries and gain knowledge without having to leave home.
Overall, in general e-learning allows saving of resources.
Some of the key requirements for a good e-learning system are:
A successful e-learning system depends on good student interaction, self-motivation of individuals.
A student has to study in an effective manner. This is essential as there is no teacher to motivate or drive the student.
What is E- Learning Processes
Since, any e-learning project checks your achievements against a learning outcome, therefore, it starts with identification and verification process. The common process used for this purpose is the use of Username and Password. You are asked to login to the e-learning system before you start using it.
Once you are successfully logged in to the system. The e-leaning topics or contents are presented to you topic by topic. This content may include text, graphics, video, audio, animation, link to other references. In general, such content may be followed by some quiz or questions that try to access your understanding about the topic that you have studies. The e-learning systems may be a Learning Management System (LMS) or Content Management System (CMS) running as the base system. These systems help in recording information about you - such as time spent by you on a topic, marks scored by you in a feedback quiz etc. All such information may be sent to the content designer as a feedback, who in turn may modify the content of the basis of the feedback so obtained. Thus, an e-learning system supported by LMS or CMS will have different types of users who will have different access rights. For example, a student may be allowed to see the contents of the courses s/he has registered for, his/her scores in various quizzes and assignments, whereas an instructor may login to correct the specific content, load an assignment for the student or a new video for the student, provide a link to a new important material, look into consolidated student response and identify weaknesses in the contents, identify the students who are defaulting and find ways to contact those students may be using SMS. Thus, the technology provides a number of ways a teacher and a student can communicate with each other through the e-learning system. Please note that e-learning technologies are available in the present time, only that they need to be properly harnessed for the proper teaching learning process. Some of the activities that may be undertaken by students in the e-learning process:
Login.
Content access and assimilation.
undertake formative assessment online.
formative assessment using assignments and discussions.
Getting the feedback on formative assessment and working towards achieving learning outcomes.
Communication with the students through various means like; email, chat, SMS, and other means.
Go through a summative assessment.
Measuring the effectiveness of e-learning and performance assessment.
Recoding student achievements and certification.
Please note that it is not necessary that all the e-learning system have all such activities. However, a good e-learning system should have most of these activities.
E-Learning Content Development Process
Developing E Learning contents is a specialised activity. The quality of e-learning relates to achievements of the objectives of the content by the learners. Better quality e-learner content can be created if you follow a proper process of e-content generation. A simple e-learning content process is given in the Figure.
Analysis Phase: Analysis requires identifying the learning objectives for the development of content for the target audience. This phase also lists the financial, technological and time constraints for the e-learning project. It also enables identification of the gap between the expected knowledge of the target audience and what they should know after going through the course. This facilitates the design phase.
Design Phase: In most organizations the design phase involves development of a storyboard that may include a concept flow, text, graphics, video, audio, animation if needed. In this phase you may also design the basic questions that must be answered by the learner after going through the learning content. You may also design the interface and interactivity during this step.
Implementation Phase: Implementation phase brings the design to live course material. You may take the help of various experts for this phase including content expert, graphic expert, interaction designer, web designer etc.
Verification Phase: during the Verification phase the contents so produced can be tested to determine if it is conveying what it is expected to convey. It may also be used to check the usability features of the product. You may perform verifications by e-learning experts or sample of target audience.
An Example of E-Content and Support - IGNOU
IGNOU uses two different e-platforms form providing learning and support. The first platform provides several programmes from the website http://www.ignouonline.ac.in. This web site support many features starting form online admission to delivery of contents and online discussion sessions. Some of the screens demonstrating these activities are shown in the Figure.
The second platform that is under development at IGNOU is based on IGNOU wiki which is supported by the MOODLE like learning and content management system. The model of e-learning as conceived at IGNOU is given in Figure.
Detailed description of each block is outlined below: Input Block 'J': J' here stands for judging the gap between set instructional objectives in a learning module such as a Unit or a Block TO the understanding achieved as measured by the Self Test or in the interactions in discussions. Instruction Delivery: Instruction Delivery may use different modes.
It may be the conventional class teaching. (please note that this model even envisages the classroom as well as e-learning)
It may be recorded Video Lectures being used by a counselor for a group of students.
It may be the Self instructional material (such as this block itself) designed and developed for a course by IGNOU
It may be the programme portal like ignouonline or any other e-Content Website of IGNOU.
Any hybrid of these modes may also be employed.
IGNOU Open Course Guide (IOCG): The open course guide is an extended version of your Programme Guide. The objective of introducing the IOCG is to help student with information about a course and also to provide information on good supplementary content. IOCG may be maintained by the Course Management Group.
Online/Self Tests and Feedback to the Learners: A good education system is one that provides feedback to its learners at several stages of study in a course. This feedback may be provided using self tests that try to determine how much they have understood against the instructional objectives stated in the Block/Unit of study. At present these tests are in the form of Check Your Progress exercises in your study material. These tests may be conducted in the future typically using online platforms like Module LMS or even on a Wiki.
Assessment: You as a student has to undertake formative assessment with feedback that finds out the extent of fulfillment of objectives of the learning. At present assignment are the tools to do such assessment. However, in a e-learning system a number of possibilities exists that may be used in the future. Some of these activities may be student participation and engagements in specified learning activities like practice sessions, group discussions, laboratory experiments, term papers, critical writing, etc.
Examinations and Evaluation: This is a part of Summative assessment of the student achievement. The overall course may have a term-end examination. At present, such examination is through a formal examination system. However, with developing technology may be in future, it may take a different form. For example, some part of the summative assessment may happen through on-line examinations as is already being done for various professional certification and entrance examinations.
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