Q4. a) Name the various enzyme involved in the digestion of proteins. Enumerate the reactions catalyzed by these.
ANS- Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and the duodenum through the action of three primary enzymes:
Pepsin, secreted by the stomach.
Trypsin, secreted by the pancreas.
Chymotrypsin, secreted by the pancreas.
These enzymes break down food proteins into polypeptides that are then broken down by various exopeptidases and dipeptidases into amino acids. The digestive enzymes, however, are secreted mainly as their inactive precursors, the zymogens.
Thus, trypsin is secreted by the pancreas in the form of trypsinogen, which is activated in the duodenum by enterokinase to form trypsin. Trypsin then cleaves proteins into smaller polypeptides.
In humans, dietary starches are composed of glucose units arranged in long chains of polysaccharide called amylose. During digestion, the bonds between glucose molecules are broken by salivary and pancreatic amylase, and result in progressively smaller chains of glucose. This process produces the simple sugars glucose and maltose (two glucose molecules) that can be absorbed by the small intestine.
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